Phase Change Process Basics:
Condensers and Feedwater Heaters

Courses
Heat Transfer 
   Basics
Heat Exchanger 
   Analysis Basics
Phase Change 
   Process Basics

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Course Objective

The purpose of this course is to provide a review of the basic processes that occur during phase change, an introduction of heat transfer analysis methodology that involves both classical and new innovative approaches, and opportunity for applying modern heat exchanger analysis methodology to practical condenser and feedwater heater applications in computer workshop sessions.

Who Should Participate

Practicing engineers and other professionals who are involved in condenser, feedwater heater, or other phase change heat exchanger operation, testing, design, manufacturing, or training should consider taking this course.

Special Benefits

Participants will receive (1) Heat Transfer—Book/Disk Package 2nd ed. (2000), and
(2) HX Windows: Basics heat exchanger performance analysis software (2008).
.

Course Coverage

• Nucleation & Boiling
• Two-Phase Flow in Pipes
• Condensation and Condenser Analysis
• High Speed Stagnation of Steam on Tubes
• Condensation on Large Tube Bundles
• Feedwater Heater Analysis
• Zone-by-Zone Analysis
• Pinch Points and How to Deal with Them Analytically
• Practical Numerical Methods

Instruction

This course will be taught by Dr. Dudley Benton and associates. Dr. Benton earned his degrees in mechanical engineering at Florida Atlantic University (BS, MS) and the University of Tennessee (PhD). His areas of research included heat exchanger design optimization and theoretical/experimental investigation of high temperature boiling on rough surfaces.

Dr. Benton has 27 years of industrial experience with thermodynamic cycles and combustion processes, including: fossil and nuclear power plants, air separation units, coal and flue gas desulfurization systems, boilers and condensers. He has dealt extensively with the analysis of evaporative and dry cooling towers, ground and surface water containment transport and long range environmental impact problems.

Dr. Benton also specializes in software development using modern computer languages and numerical methods. Comprehensive computer programs that he has developed include (i) steam and combined cycle codes; (ii) heat exchanger analysis codes that deal with single and two-phase flow, moisture separation, and mechanical characteristics involving stress, strain, tube macro deformation, and vibration; (iii) evaporative cooling tower codes, (iv) chemical reaction codes capable of handling non-ideal behavior, non-equilibrium states, and catalysts; and (v) several fluid flow and heat transfer codes.

Course Schedule

Lecture - Computer Workshop Sessions

Session I. CONDENSERS

Day 1. INTRODUCTION
• Nucleation and Boiling
• Thermodynamics & Kinetics
• Surfaces
• Computer Workshop
• Two-Phase Flow in Pipes
• Computer Workshop

Day 2. CONDENSER ANALYSIS
• Condensation and Condensing
• Droplet Formation
• Surfaces
• Computer Workshop
• Condensation on Large Tube Bundles
• Theoretical Design
• Practical Correlations and Analysis
• Computer Workshop

Session II. FEEDWATER HEATERS

Day 3. FEEDWATER HEATER ANALYSIS
• Feedwater Heaters
• Design Variations
• Practical Approximations
• Computer Workshop
• Zone-by-Zone Analysis
• De-superheaters
• Condensing Sections
• Drain Coolers
• Computer Workshop

Day 4. FEEDWATER HEATERS (cont.)
• Pinch Points and How to Deal with Them
• Classical Methods
• Computer Workshop
• Practical Numerical Methods
• Novel Approaches
• Computer Workshop

Course Material

Heat Transfer^2e
Lindon Thomas
Thermal Engineering Associates

The Textbook
• is easy to read;
• is comprehensive
• basic concepts of heat transfer;
• practical approaches for analyzing heat transfer in composite walls
• numerical finite-difference method
• practical analysis of radiation heat transfer
• practical analysis of forced/natural convection & boiling/condensation
• practical heat-exchanger analysis
• features a unique approach to the study of convection heat transfer that separates the theory and the practical analysis approach and enables the reader to gain a basic understanding of the key elements of evaluation and design with or without study of the details of boundary layer theory;
• includes many pedagogical advantages such as numerous practical examples employing consistent methodology and categorical glossary; and
• is supported by an exclusive heat transfer software package.

Chemical Engineering Progress
“The book is very modern and well-written and will be particularly useful to students of heat transfer courses…” Dr. Rajiv Mukherjee

Heat Transfer^2e
Capstone Publishing Corporation

HX Windows: Basics was designed specifically for participants of TEA heat exchanger analysis short courses.

The Software
• is easy to use; and provides
• quick and reliable calculations for shell-and-tube and
double-pipe heat exchangers; and options for
• obtaining uniform property or variable property calculations;
• evaluation of shell-side convection coefficients by back-calculation or direct-calculation using Bell-Delaware method and simple methods;
• performance rating calculations;
• performance test-calculations;
• five- and six-point options
• hot and cold stream heat rates
• EPRI test validation
• test-fouling resistance
• performance test-projection calculations; and
• basic uncertainty calculations.